Microbiology - Nursing & Medical Flashcards

• History of microbiology
• Taxonomy & phylogeny
• Overview of types of microorganisms
• Chemistry review
• Microscopes
• Dyes & staining

• Prokaryote cell shapes & configurations
• Prokaryote cell components
• Endosymbiotic theory
• Eukaryote cell components
• Membrane transport mechanisms

• Chemical reactions
• Energy carriers
• Enzymes
• Carbon & energy source
• Cellular respiration
• Glycolysis
• Transition reaction
• Citric acid cycle
• Oxidative phosphorylation
• Fermentation
• Lipid & protein metabolism
• Photosynthesis

• Binary fission
• Generation time
• Bacterial growth phases
• Bacterial growth curve
• Direct & indirect measurement of bacterial growth
• Plating methods
• Biofilms
• Quorum sensing
• Requirements for growth
• Culture medium
• Biogeochemical cycles

• DNA structure
• Gene expression
• Semiconservative replication
• Transcription
• Genetic code
• Translation
• Mutations
• DNA repair
• Replica plating
• Ames test
• Transformation
• Transduction
• Conjugation
• Transposons
• Gene regulation
• Repressible operons
• Inducible operons
• Biotechnology
• Molecular cloning
• Restriction enzymes
• Vectors
• Agarose gel electrophoresis
• Polymerase chain reaction

• Virus components & shapes
• Viral replication in prokaryote hosts (lytic cycle, lysogenic cycle, transduction)
• Viral replication in animal hosts
• Viral infections
• Viral growth curve
• Cultivation & identification of viruses
• Other acellular infectious agents (viroids, prions)

• Microbial control terminology
• Physical and chemical methods for controlling microbial growth
• Evaluation of disinfectants
• Antimicrobial drug terminology
• Antimicrobial drug classes and key medications
• Superinfection
• Antibiotic resistance
• Multidrug-resistant microbes
• Testing effectiveness of antimicrobials
• Bacterial safety levels

• Disease terminology
• Periods of an infectious disease
• Stages of pathogenesis
• Infection terminology
• Disease transmission
• Virulence & virulence factors
• Toxins
• Innate & adaptive immunity
• Microbiome
• Vaccines
• Immune system disorders
• Polyclonal & monoclonal antibodies
• Diagnostic immunology
• Epidemiology terminology

Causative agent(s), signs/symptoms, transmission, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of important infections. Infections are broken out into body systems:

• Infections of the Respiratory System: Pneumonia, streptococcal pharyngitis, diphtheria, otitis media, tuberculosis, pertussis, Legionnaires’ disease, common cold, influenza, RSV, COVID, measles, rubella, chickenpox, herpes zoster, histoplasmosis, coccidioidomycosis, aspergillosis.
• Infections of the Cardiovascular & Lymphatic System: Sepsis, toxic shock syndrome, infective endocarditis, brucellosis, cat scratch disease, plague, rocky mountain spotted fever, lyme disease, infectious mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, yellow fever, dengue fever, chikungunya fever, ebola, HIV, malaria, toxoplasmosis, Chagas disease, schistosomiasis.
• Infections of the Nervous System: Meningitis, tetanus, botulism, listeriosis, Hansen’s disease, arboviral encephalitis, zika, rabies, poliomyelitis, transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, human African trypanosomiasis, cysticercosis & neurocysticercosis, primary amoebic meningoencephalitis.
• Infections of the Gastrointestinal System: Dental caries, periodontal disease, mumps, staphylococcal food poisoning, shigellosis, salmonellosis, typhoid fever, diarrheagenic E. coli, cholera, campylobacteriosis, peptic ulcer disease, Clostridium perfringens enterocolitis, Clostridiodies difficile infection, viral gastroenteritis, viral hepatitis, giardiasis, cryptosporidiosis, enterobiasis, taeniasis.
• Infections of the Genitourinary System: Urinary tract infection, leptospirosis, bacterial vaginosis, gonorrhea, chlamydia, syphilis, genital herpes, HPV, vaginal candidiasis, trichomoniasis.
• Infections of the Skin & Eyes: Acne, folliculitis, impetigo, necrotizing fasciitis, anthrax, otitis externa, conjunctivitis, papillomas, oral herpes, roseola, fifth disease, hand, foot, & mouth disease, smallpox, tinea infection.

Microbes A → Z. The most important microbes are included, along with the infections they can cause and key characteristics of each microbe.