Addison's Disease

by Cathy Parkes August 21, 2023

A patient with Addison's Disease (a form of adrenocortical insufficiency) will have increased potassium, calcium, and BUN, but decreased cortisol, sodium, and glucose. Treatment includes hydrocortisone and reducing potassium levels with sodium polystyrene sulfonate, insulin (with glucose), calcium, and sodium bicarbonate.

Cathy Parkes

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If a child is born with Hypospadias or Epispadias (abnormal placement of the urethral meatus on the penis), circumcision should be delayed, as the foreskin may be needed for reconstructive surgery.

Hypospadias and Epispadias

by Cathy Parkes September 11, 2023

If a child is born with Hypospadias or Epispadias (abnormal placement of the urethral meatus on the penis), circumcision should be delayed, as the foreskin may be needed for reconstructive surgery.

Cranial Nerve VII (Facial)

by Cathy Parkes September 07, 2023

The motor function of Cranial Nerve VII (Facial) can be assessed by asking the patient to smile, frown, puff out their cheeks, and raise their eyebrows.