Nursing Tips: Medical-Surgical

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Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements. The plasma contains water, ions, protein, nutrients, wastes, gasses, and clotting factors. The formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.

Blood: Components

Cardiovascular Medical-Surgical
Blood is composed of plasma and formed elements. The plasma contains water, ions, protein, nutrients, wastes, gasses, and clotting factors. The formed elements include red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
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Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) may have prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal causes.

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Causes

Renal Medical-Surgical
Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) may have prerenal, intrarenal, or postrenal causes.
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A patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has some classic findings including fatigue, joint pain, fever, butterfly rash on the face, Raynaud's phenomenon, and a positive ANA titer.

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Immune Medical-Surgical
A patient with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) has some classic findings including fatigue, joint pain, fever, butterfly rash on the face, Raynaud's phenomenon, and a positive ANA titer.
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A patient with Addison's Disease (a form of adrenocortical insufficiency) will have increased potassium, calcium, and BUN, but decreased cortisol, sodium, and glucose.

Addison's Disease

Endocrine Medical-Surgical
A patient with Addison's Disease (a form of adrenocortical insufficiency) will have increased potassium, calcium, and BUN, but decreased cortisol, sodium, and glucose. 
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A patient with a spinal cord injury is at risk for experiencing life-threatening hypertension known as autonomic dysreflexia.

Autonomic Dysreflexia

Nervous Medical-Surgical
A patient with a spinal cord injury is at risk for experiencing life-threatening hypertension known as autonomic dysreflexia. 
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